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Effect of urbanization on weather events

At what stage is the studies on effect of urbanization on weather events (eg: Rainfall, Temperature, UHI) are now? There has been a number of observational and modelling studies around the world and it has been found (In my understanding) that…
ajilesh
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What "g" would be needed to keep helium on Earth?

I know that helium is a very light and rare gas on Earth because Earths gravity is not strong enough to keep it. Instead, helium and hydrogen are rising through the atmosphere and escape into outer space. My question is: How massive would Earth have…
Petr Hykš
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What mechanism leads to these spectacular iridescent patterns in clouds labeled as a "Fire Rainbow"?

The 21-Feb-2016 BBC new article Singapore 'fire rainbow' cloud phenomenon lights up sky shows several photos of a rainbow-like iridescence in clouds on a sunny day in Singapore (about 1.3 degrees North latitude). Local time was about 17:10, 2 hours…
uhoh
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What is the best way to stay safe while photographing lightning storms?

Occasionally, I go out with my camera and tripod and capture cumulonimbus clouds from distance. Sometimes I am worried when I hear thunder that I could be hit by a lightning bolt. I have seen several "bolts out of a clear blue sky" and it reminds me…
Petr Hykš
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How do tectonics work on other planets?

What kind of tectonic plate activity exists on other planets in the solar system, or even large moons? Are there any deeper studies of what is needed for a planet or large moon to have tectonic activity, and how that activity might differ from…
Henry Stone
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Why is the warm phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation associated with stronger El Niños?

This is a question inspired by the post at Cliff Mass Weather Blog: "Is a Super El Nino Coming Next Winter?". There is something else. You ever hear of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation? This is a cyclic phenomenon of the Pacific ocean that has…
InquilineKea
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Are there any signs on the Earth's surface that indicate a shrinking iron core?

It appears that Mercury shows some cracks on its surface that were not caused by moving tectonic plates but by shrinking due to the inner metal core cooling. The Earth is also cooling down, but are there any signs that shows effects of this cooling…
Marijn
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Climatology Career

I am a high school Biology teacher with a crazy passion for climate and environmental changes. I wish I had known this before I started college. I have been out of college for a year and have been teaching ever since. I would really love to learn…
rdvtrro
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What is the reason for differences between these GHCNM and ERSST data?

The maps shown below are from here. The first shows data from two sources, while the second only shows data from one source. What is the difference between the two data sources used? Where does it come from, and what is the accuracy? What is the…
Nattgew
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Is the momentum of a volcano's high-velocity ejecta mostly due to expanding gas?

When I was very young I was always amazed that water didn't come shooting up out of the first ice-fishing hole of the season, due to the weight of all the ice. It doesn't, because the weight of the same volume of liquid water would be even heavier.…
uhoh
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Are these clouds exhibiting gravity waves?

This is a GOES visible channel image from 2017-01-27, about 9 a.m. local time. It's the Atlantic coast of the US. The coast is visible towards the bottom of the image. The scale is large. This question is referring to the wavy structures that appear…
John
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1950's - 60's Earth Science

I'm writing some lore for a fictional world, which is set in the 50's early 60's roughly. One thing I'd like to bring is a fairly grounded explanation for the creation of the planet and the universe, as understood by scientists in the fictional…
Magic Marbles
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Why are South African mountains short and flat?

I drove through South Africa from Cape Town to Mozambique and noticed that almost all heights and mountains were no higher than approx 200-400 meters and had a flat top, just like the iconic Table Mountain. Why is this the case? Thanks.
metazoa
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North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) future prediction - Academic papers?

I am looking for academic papers which show future predictions of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) by considering climate change and the various emission scenarios. Do you have any suggestions?
test
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Are old geophysics textbooks useful?

I have had much success with old textbooks in mathematics. Generally, for any branch of mathematics that I (as a non-mathematician) would like to learn or re-learn, I can buy a classic textbook from the 1970s, and it will be accurate and…
kingledion
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